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Ammonia water, also known as ammonia solution, is an important chemical product with numerous applications in industry and households. In this blog post, you will learn more about the properties, uses, and safe handling of ammonia water.

What is ammonia water?

Ammonia water is an aqueous solution of ammonia (NH3) in water. It typically contains between 10% and 35% ammonia. Ammonia water is a colorless, clear liquid with a characteristic pungent odor. It is a strong base and has a pH between 11 and 13, depending on the concentration.

Ammonia occurs naturally through the decomposition of nitrogenous organic compounds. However, in the chemical industry, ammonia water is mostly produced by dissolving gaseous ammonia in water.

Applications of ammonia water

Ammonia water is used in many industries. Here are some of the main application areas:

Cleaning and degreasing

Ammonia water is an effective cleaning agent used in industry as well as in households. It dissolves fats, oils, and other organic contaminants. Therefore, ammonia water is often used in cleaners for floors, surfaces, and textiles.

Water treatment

In water treatment, ammonia water is used to adjust the pH and for disinfection. It is also used to remove heavy metals from wastewater.

Fertilizer production

Ammonia is an important raw material for the production of nitrogen fertilizers. Therefore, ammonia water can be used in fertilizer production.

Textile Industry

In the textile industry, ammonia water is used for dyeing, bleaching, and finishing fabrics.

Electroplating

In electroplating, ammonia water is used for surface treatment of metals, such as nickel plating or copper plating.

Pharmaceutical Industry

Ammonia water is also used in the pharmaceutical industry, for example as an excipient in medications or for the production of active ingredients.

Further Applications

Furthermore, ammonia water is used in the production of rubber and adhesives, in the manufacture of fire extinguishers, and in coolant production.

Safe Handling of Ammonia Water

Although ammonia water is versatile, handling it requires some precautions:

Health Hazards

Ammonia water is corrosive and can cause severe burns upon contact with skin or eyes. Additionally, the vapors can irritate the respiratory tract. If swallowed, it can cause burns to the digestive tract.

Fire Hazard

Ammonia water itself is not flammable, but it can react with many substances and thus cause fires or explosions.

Environmental Hazard

Ammonia water is toxic to aquatic organisms and can pollute the environment if disposed of improperly.

Therefore, it is important to always wear appropriate protective equipment such as gloves, safety glasses, and respiratory protection when handling ammonia water. Additionally, ammonia water must be stored and transported in suitable, tightly sealed containers. In case of accidents or spills, immediate measures for cleanup and disposal must be taken.

Conclusion

Ammonia water is a versatile chemical product with numerous applications in industry and household. However, handling it requires special precautions due to its hazardous properties. With the right safety measures, ammonia water can be used safely and efficiently.