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Iron chloride, also known as ferric chloride or iron(III) chloride, is a chemical compound used in many industrial sectors and households. This salt has a variety of useful properties, but it is also important to be aware of the potential risks and safety aspects. In this article, we will take a closer look at iron chloride – from its properties to applications and safety instructions.

What is iron chloride?

Iron chloride is an inorganic salt composed of iron and chlorine. It occurs in various forms, such as a solid powder or an aqueous solution. Chemically, iron chloride is the compound FeCl₃, that is, iron(III) chloride.

Iron chloride is an important raw material in the chemical industry and is used in many products. It is applied in water treatment, wastewater purification, metal processing, dye manufacturing, and even in dietary supplements.

Properties of iron chloride

Iron chloride has some interesting physical and chemical properties:

Appearance and physical state

• Solid iron chloride is a crystalline, reddish-brown powder.
• When dissolved in water, it forms a yellowish-brown, aqueous solution.

Solubility

• Iron chloride is well soluble in water and forms an acidic solution.
• It is also soluble in alcohol, acetone, and other polar solvents.

Reactivity

• Iron chloride is a strong oxidizing agent and reacts with many substances.
• It reacts violently with bases and can corrode metals.

Toxicity

• Iron chloride is toxic if swallowed or inhaled.
• It can irritate skin, eyes, and respiratory tract.

Magnetic properties

• Dissolved iron chloride is paramagnetic, i.e., it is attracted by magnets.

These properties make iron chloride a versatile but potentially hazardous substance that must be handled with care.

Applications of iron chloride

Due to its diverse properties, iron chloride is used in numerous industrial sectors:

Water treatment and wastewater purification

Iron chloride is an important coagulant in drinking water treatment and wastewater purification. It helps remove suspended solids, heavy metals, and organic contaminants from the water.

Metal processing

In the metal industry, iron chloride is used for etching, pickling, and electroplating metals. It also serves as a rust inhibitor.

Dye manufacturing

Iron chloride is used as an oxidizing agent in the manufacture of dyes and pigments, e.g., for ink, paints, and varnishes.

Medicine and dietary supplements

In small amounts, iron chloride is used in dietary supplements to treat iron deficiency. It is also contained in some medications.

Other applications

Other applications include the production of catalysts, flame retardants, fertilizers, and textile auxiliaries.

Safety aspects of iron chloride

Although iron chloride is versatile, some safety aspects must be considered when handling this substance:

Health hazards

• Iron chloride is toxic if swallowed, inhaled, or in contact with skin.
• It can cause burns to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes.
• Ingestion poses a risk of organ damage.

Fire hazard

• Iron chloride itself is not flammable, but it can react violently with many substances.
• Toxic and corrosive vapors can form upon contact with water, acids, or bases.

Environmental hazards

• Iron chloride is environmentally hazardous and can contaminate water, soil, and air.
• It must be disposed of properly to avoid damage.

Therefore, it is important to always comply with applicable safety regulations and take appropriate protective measures when handling iron chloride to prevent health and environmental damage.

Conclusion

Iron chloride is a versatile chemical salt with numerous applications in industry and household. However, due to its toxicity and reactivity, one must be very careful when handling this substance. By adhering to safety regulations and appropriate protective measures, iron chloride can be used safely and effectively.

Overall, iron chloride is a useful but potentially hazardous product that must be handled with due care. However, with the right knowledge and precautions, the benefits of this substance can be optimally utilized.